Timing of Cutting Back Bushes in Texas

General Guidelines

• Properly timed, pruning redirects plant energy toward desirable results and never hurts the plant. In general, the best time to prune Texas bushes is during late-winter dormancy, before new growth starts. January to March is optimal. Avoid pruning right after spring growth begins. Food in plant roots supports new stem and foliage growth. That growth, in turn, replenishes the stores of food in the roots for the next growing season. Pruning prevents the above-ground growth from fulfilling that need. Also avoid late-summer pruning, which stimulates new growth and delays the onset of dormancy. Bushes then become more susceptible to cold damage and winter kill.

Evergreen Shrubs

• For narrow-leaved or needled Texas evergreens, growth comes in spring and fall, with little in summer heat. Prune these evergreens in the first half of April in the state's warmest regions. In cooler regions, prune one month later. In the coldest regions, wait an additional month. Broad-leaved evergreens require little pruning. To improve aesthetics, prune once the danger of last frost has passed in spring. Pruning too early can cause a flush of vulnerable growth. If major renovation is needed, prune in January and February when the bush is fully dormant.

Flowering Shrubs

• With flowering shrubs, time pruning to enhance flowering and not hinder it. Improper timing can result in no flowers. Spring-flowering shrubs bloom on wood grown the previous year. If pruned in winter, flower buds are sacrificed. Wait until immediately after blooming to prune these bushes. Wait too late and you'll inhibit next year's blooms. Shrubs that bloom after June usually flower on wood grown in the current season. Prune these shrubs during late winter to encourage vigorous spring growth and more blooms.

Rose Bushes

• Cut off blossoms from rose bushes (Rosa spp.), hardy from U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone 2 through 11, any time you need to for arrangements. Time major pruning for three to four weeks before the average date of your last killing frost. In southern and central Texas, this falls the third week of February through the first week of March. Early pruning results in new base growth susceptible to a cold snap. Late pruning leaves top growth vulnerable. For Texas climbers, prune right after flowering.

Pruning Tips

• Proper Texas pruning starts with purpose. Pruning removes non-productive parts that inhibit performance and growth. Start by removing all dead or damaged branches and any crossing or rubbing stems. Follow the plant's natural shape; that may be all it needs. Bypass pruners handle stems up to 1/2 inch in diameter. For larger stems, use lopping shears or a pruning saw. Always wear gloves, long sleeves and protective eyewear. To prevent the spread of disease, sterilize your blades with household disinfectant before and after each bush. Prune on schedule and keep your Texas bushes at their best.