Boxwood Plant Varieties

Species and Varieties

• Most of the boxwoods in the United States belong to one of three distinct species or groups. More than 160 different cultivars -- types of boxwoods that have been specifically selected for cultivation by humans -- exist within these three groups. These cultivars differ in terms of form, texture, leaf color, climate preference and pest resistance. The plants are grown for their leaves; the flowers are not much to write home about.

Common Boxwood

• Also known as American boxwood, this dense evergreen foliage of common boxwood can grow as a shrub or small tree. The oval-shaped leaves are shiny, dark green on top and pale green underneath. Older common boxwood plants grow up to 20 feet tall but average between 5 and 10 feet in height. Most cultivars of common boxwood are cold tolerant.

English Boxwood

• The English boxwood is also known as the true dwarf boxwood. In America, the English boxwood is even more common than the common (or American) boxwood. It grows slowly, about an inch per year and usually only reaches a height of 3 feet or less. Its foliage grows in cloud-like tufts.

Japanese Boxwood

• The Japanese boxwood is heat-tolerant and quick-growing -- qualities that contribute to its status as the most adaptable of all boxwood plants. Its glossy medium green leaves can turn orange or bronze in the winter sun. This color change can be reduced or prevented through the use of a windbreak or cover. Japanese boxwood grows to a height of up to 8 feet. Its width can spread to 20 feet or more.

Kingsville Dwarf

• If you’re looking for a compact boxwood, the Kingsville dwarf makes for a compelling option. Also known as Buxus microphylla compacta, it’s the tiniest boxwood you can grow. After sprouting a minuscule half an inch per year, it reaches only about 1 foot in height. This tiny wonder has miniature leaves as well and can be cultivated as a bonsai plant.