Acacia Bushes

Description

• More than 800 species of acacia exist, and the plant is classified as either a large bush or small tree. Its size varies by species. Most bloom in January or February, are evergreen and feature orangish, whitish or yellow flowers. Climate zone also varies by species, but most species are native to tropical or temperate climates. The acacia thrives in well-drained soil and a location that receives full sun. It requires deep watering every one or two weeks for best results. Nearly 700 species of the plant grow in South America, Australia, India and Africa, with the acacia the dominant woody plant species in sub-Saharan Africa.

Types

• Acacia is categorized into two main groups: phyllode and pinnate. Phyllode species feature broad leaves or leaf blades, while pinnate species feature fernlike leaves or leaves divided into small leaflets. Types of phyllode species include Acacia cyanophylla, Acacia collinsii and Acacia redolens. Examples of pinnate acacia species include Acacia baileyana, Acacia dealbata and Acacia farnesiana.

Pests

• Acacias are subject to numerous pests, including white flies, the fuller rose beetle and spittlebugs. Whiteflies are small, white insects that suck the sap from leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off the plant. Prevention is the best management method for whiteflies because they are resilient against many insecticides. Hose down affected trees, and remove infested leaves for best results.

  The fuller rose beetle is a brown, flightless beetle with bulging eyes. Adults feed on foliage and flower blossoms; they inflict minimal damage unless their populations are high. Trim branches that form bridges to other trees and shrubs as a preventative measure.

  Spittlebugs are brownish, oval-shaped and suck plant juices. Wash them off acacia plants with water from a garden hose to control them.

Uses

• Besides providing a food source for insects, birds and mammals, including giraffes, the acacia plant has numerous commercial uses. Its sap is used as a glue and as a thickening agent in frozen desserts. The synthetic alternative of acacia gum works as a binding compound in paint, cosmetics and medicines. Acacia wood is known for its fuel properties and produces quality charcoal; it also is used as hardwood flooring material.