Several shrubs in the Ilex genus, commonly known as hollies, have thorny foliage and bear red fruits. These include the Chinese holly (I. cornuta), which grows to 15 feet tall with a 7-foot spread. This evergreen has spiny, dark foliage and is hardy in USDA zones 7 to 9. It tolerates heat, drought and severe pruning. The pernyi holly (I. pernyi) grows slowly to 12 feet tall and has an upright shape. It's hardy in USDA zones 6 to 9 and has small, dark foliage. The pernyi holly produces clusters of tiny red berries. Hollies grow as male and female plants; if you want red berries, you'll need one of each to ensure pollination and fruit growth.
Several hawthorn shrubs (Crataegus spp.) have both thorns and red berries. The cockspur hawthorn (C. crus-galli) grows up to 30 feet tall with a slightly wider spread. This North American native has deciduous leaves that turn coppery red in fall, creating an attractive backdrop for the shrub's dark-red berries. The cockspur hawthorn is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 7. The Washington hawthorn (C. phaenopyrum) also grows to 30 feet tall. This thorny deciduous plant is hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8 and produces long-lasting, bright-red berries. The English hawthorn (C. laevigata) grows to 25 feet and attracts birds with its dark-red berries. It's hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8.
For a low hedge that the University of Vermont Extension Department of Plant and Soil Science describes as "rather impenetrable," plant barberries (Berberis spp.) These shrubs are armed with profuse amounts of tiny thorns and produce long-lasting berries. Varieties include the paleleaf barberry (B. candidula), a slow-growing evergreen shrub that reaches heights of 4 feet with a slightly wider spread. It's hardy in USDA zones 6 to 8 and produces purplish-red berries. The Korean barberry (B. koreana) grows to 6 feet and is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 7. It has deciduous, spiny foliage and produces egg-shaped berries.
Other thorny, prickly shrubs with red berries include the silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea). This deciduous shrub grows quickly to 18 feet with an 8-foot spread. It's hardy in USDA zones 3 to 9 and has silver foliage; this shrub produces edible red berries. The scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea) is hardy in USDA zones 6 to 9 and grows to 15 feet tall. A semi-evergreen, this drought-tolerant shrub has thorny branches and produces long-lasting, red-orange berries.