Remove the aphids by hand with a pair of tweezers or your fingers. As long as there aren't too many aphids on your plumeria, you can control their presence using this method. Place the collected aphids into a container of boiling water to get rid of them.
Spray the plant with water from a hose. The blast of water that comes out of the hose is often enough to knock the bugs off the plumeria. Make sure you squirt the water on the entire plant, including under the leaves and petals, to get all of the bugs off.
Pour 1 tablespoon of the insecticide malathion into a gallon of water. Pour or spray the mixture onto the plumeria, making sure to get underneath the leaves, where aphids like to hide. Inspect the plant in a day or two for additional aphids. If you spot more, apply the insecticidal mixture again until the aphids are completely gone.