Locate a 24-inch-diameter or larger plant pot to grow the sugarcane in to accommodate the large root system of the mature plant. Examine the bottom for drainage holes and if none are present, create three to four using a drill and a 1/4-inch diameter bit.
Fill the plant pot with a well-draining soil mix that consists of half potting soil and half course sand. Fill the pot with soil to within 2 inches of the top rim.
Dig a 3- to 7-inch deep trench in the center of the pot and insert a seed cane horizontally into it. Seed canes are available from garden centers or farm supply stores. Fill in the trench with soil until the cane is completely covered.
Water the pot until all of the soil is thoroughly damp. After planting keep the soil constantly moist but do not allow water to pool or stand on the soil.
Wait until new growth appears from each of the raised rings on the seed cane, which takes one to three weeks. Begin fertilizing the sugarcane once per month with a granular 8-8-8 fertilizer using the amount of product specified in the instructions.