Is it Better to Start Seeds in Soil or in Paper Towels?

Basic Seed Needs

• In order to germinate, a seed requires certain conditions of moisture, sunlight and temperature. Generally, seeds germinate best in an environment that is moist, but not soggy. For this reason, a moistened paper towel often makes a suitable medium. However, what dries out one seed can leave another type of seed waterlogged, leading to rot. Temperature is another key factor for successful germination; the ideal warmth for your seeds may be anywhere between 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit. Usually, following germination, seeds require a temperature about 10 degrees lower. As for lighting, most seeds need at least 16 hours of sunlight each day in order to germinate. This ensures that a seed germinates at the right time of the year.

Seed Variety

• While all seeds have the same basic needs, the ideal environment ranges widely, depending on the seed size, seed shape and overall plant physiology. For example, a seed that has a large endosperm is capable of growth with relatively low light levels. As a result, large seeds typically germinate well even when planted directly in the soil. Smaller seeds should be set closer to the surface, on the soil surface, or on a moist paper towel. Depending on the structure of the seed coat, some seeds need to absorb a certain amount of moisture before they can germinate. In such cases, you'll need to water them more thoroughly or regularly replace the wet paper towel.

General Germination Guidelines

• In many cases, seeds germinate and grow best when they can gradually acclimate to the outdoors. If you germinate your seeds on a paper towel indoors, transfer the newly sprouted plants to your garden on an overcast day and water them immediately. Likewise, if you germinate seeds outdoors, directly in the soil, regularly check the moisture level of the soil and water as necessary. As the seedlings sprout and grow, they typically require less intensive watering. Always follow the instructions on seed packets for particular plant varieties. If in doubt, contact your local horticultural extension service for advice oriented to your area.

Additional Considerations

• Whether you germinate your seeds on a paper towel or directly in the soil, you'll need to attend to a few additional considerations. Follow the instructions for your particular planting to determine the spacing between seeds, especially if you plant them directly in the ground. If you sow them directly in the ground, note the recommended planting depth. If your seeds have especially hard coats, even moist paper towels may not be sufficient to trigger germination. You may need to actually soak the seeds in clean water before setting them out on a wet paper towel. If you use a medium other than paper towels, such as potting soil, opt for a mix that's specifically intended for germination. This product offers the right blend of moisture and aeration.