Spray the tree with water from a garden hose before spring is set to begin. The water pressure dislodges any existing aphids and greatly reduces their numbers as aphids are brittle and many will be killed off.
Spray an insecticide soap onto the trees with a particular focus on the underside of the tree leaves since aphids tend to build up there. Follow all instructions on the package of the insecticide for best results in killing the aphids while also avoiding tree damage.
Release lady beetles or parasitic wasps into the cherry tree once the insecticide has worn off. These organisms feed on aphids and effectively kill off any remaining aphid populations. They also won't damage the cherry tree.