Xeric Grasses

Climate

• Turf grasses fall into two categories: warm-season grasses and cool-season grasses, and xeric grasses are no exception. Buffalo grass is a common choice for warm climates, such as California, Arizona, Texas and Florida. It tolerates hot weather, but goes dormant when temperatures dip below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Tall fescue, fine fescue and perennial ryegrass are the most common choices for low water grasses in the North. These grasses are not as cold tolerant as Kentucky bluegrass, but grow well in most parts of the northern U.S.

Growing Conditions and Use

• When selecting a xeric grass type, consider the growing conditions in your yard. Fine fescue, for example, tolerates more shade than most grass types, but does not tolerate heat. Buffalo grass and fine fescue also require less fertilizer than most grasses. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue are bunching grasses, and don't spread like Kentucky bluegrass. They are less likely to infiltrate flowerbeds, but worn spots in the lawn won't fill in quickly and reseeding is often necessary. Consider how much use your lawn gets. If you have active pets or kids, stay away from buffalo grass and fine fescue. Tall fescue is often used on sports fields because it holds up to heavy activity, but also offers good drought tolerance.

Seeding and Maintenance

• Planting and maintenance tasks may also vary widely depending on the type of xeric grass. Buffalo grass seed is expensive and often difficult to find. It germinates very slowly. Most people opt to use sod or plugs rather than seed. Perennial ryegrass, as well as fescues, germinate fairly quickly from seed. Xeric grasses do not tolerate drought until they've established strong root systems. Once established, buffalo grass and fine fescue require the least maintenance. Buffalo grass needs mowing every 2 to 3 weeks. Perennial ryegrass, on the other hand, requires frequent mowing and fertilizing, and is only slightly less drought tolerant than Kentucky bluegrass. The fescues have moderate maintenance requirements.

Recommendations

• Consider a grass blend when selecting a xeric grass. Many nurseries offer custom blends that combine the positive attributes of several grass types into one product. For the best results, amend the soil with compost or manure prior to planting the grass to improve the soil texture, allowing it to use water more efficiently. Plant grass in early spring or fall when the weather is cool to ensure good germination. Mow the lawn at the appropriate height. Lawns mowed too low waste water and encourage shallow roots. Water the lawn deeply once or twice a week instead of short, frequent watering.