The Best Time to Transplant Ferns

About Ferns

• Ferns have leaves called fronds that unfurl from a central growing point or from a spreading rhizome. The fronds are often divided into leaflets, giving the typical "ferny" texture, but may also be simple ovals. The spores are borne on the undersides of the fronds and are spread by the wind. Each may sprout into a tiny, insignificant plant called a prothallium that is usually less than 1/4 inch across and produces both eggs and sperm. Fertilized eggs grow into new spore-bearing ferns.

Transplanting Ferns

• Preserving as much of the root system as possible is the most important factor in transplanting any plant. This is easier if the fern is small, but even large ferns can be moved successfully if some of the fronds are removed to minimize water loss.

  Dig around and under the fern 6 to 12 inches from the crown, the place where the fronds sprout. Lift the ball of roots carefully, supporting it with your hands. Place the fern in a hole slightly larger than the root ball and firm the soil around it. Water well.

When to Transplant

• In cold winter areas, spring is the best time to transplant, just before the fronds unfurl to avoid crushing them. With care, however, you can move them later, even into summer. When the weather is warm, transplant on a cloudy day or in the evening, make sure the fern is well watered before and after moving, and shade for a while with a box or other shelter.

  In warmer areas, the best time to move ferns is in the fall. The roots will get a head start on growing, and you can remove all the old fronds to make way for new spring growth. Early spring is also possible.

Aftercare

• Make sure the roots of your fern stay moist for the first season after transplanting. Roots are always lost during the process and the plant is more vulnerable to drought during this time. You can apply a half-strength liquid fertilizer as the fronds unfold in spring, using a balanced formula such as 10-10-10.