How to Raise Dryland Alfalfa

Preparation and Planting

• 1

  Choose a previously planted field to introduce alfalfa seedbeds. An existing grain field is the optimum dryland environment. Prep the seedbed with moisture and weed control at least a year before planting the alfalfa.

• 2

  Schedule the planting during the optimum months of spring or fall. Consult a long-range weather guide or almanac to determine the approximate time of last spring freeze, and plan to plant after that. Though alfalfa is tolerant of cold weather, a freeze can injure the seedlings

• 3

  Inoculate the seeds prior to planting with a commercial peat-based compound to foster the rhizobia bacteria that contributes to nitrogen production. Mix the seedlings with the alfalfa-specific R. meliloti compound, and plant immediately afterward.

• 4

  Plant the seedlings at 12 to 15 pounds per acre, based on a volume of 200,000 seeds per pound. Plant in rows, as opposed to scattered broadcast patterns, to encourage higher yields.

Fertilizing and Watering

• 5

  Subject the soil to testing to determine the optimum fertilizer. Dig up at least six samples from the field with an auger or spade, and mix soil cores in a clean bucket. Secure the samples in plastic bags, label and send to an agricultural laboratory.

• 6

  Create a fertilizer mix based on the lab’s recommendations. Possible compounds include phosphorus, potassium and sulfur.

• 7

  Apply the fertilizer during planting, or drill the compound into the seedbeds afterward.

• 8

  Select a watering system that suits the particular dryland condition. A sprinkler system may work best for shallow soils; other drylands may require deep tilling and more advanced irrigation systems.

Management and Harvesting

• 9

  Keep the soil properly drained and oxygenated according to your planting history.

• 10

  Apply insecticides that control alfalfa weevils, potato leafhoppers and alfalfa aphids.

• 11

  Cut the plants at least 30 days before the first predicted autumn frost. Look for the earliest flowering of the plant to determine the harvest time, or wait until the plant reaches 26 to 28 inches in height.