Stockpile the wood ash from your furnace, fireplace and/or wood-burning stove in a single location. Keep the wood ash stockpile covered to prevent the potassium content from leaching out of the ash.
Test your soil to determine its acidity, or pH rating. Wood ash is high in potassium, but is usually stronger in acid-neutralizing calcium carbonate, so using wood ash lowers soil acidity.
Till the soil with a hoe or roto-tiller prior to using the wood ash, so as to break up the surface into loose dirt.
Spread the wood ash over the soil. Apply no more than 10 to 15 pounds of wood ash for every 1,000 square feet of ground. If you wish to lower the soil acidity, use more wood ash, but avoid raising the pH rating above 7.0.
Rake the wood ash into the soil. For large garden plots, use an iron rake. For garden boxes, use a hand rake.