My Orchid Roots Are Shriveling and the Leaves Are Dropping

Dropped Leaves

• Leaves dropping from an orchid are common as the plant grows. A phalaenopsis orchid's lower leaves tend to fall off, followed with new leaf growth. After some orchids bloom, some leaves fall off as well. Dropped orchid leaves are only a concern when the leaves that drop previously turned yellow or brown. If they were the largest and most mature leaves, this is not good sign. An orchid with no leaves is dead.

Fungus and Bacteria

• Fungi are contributing factors to leaves dropping. Black spots on leaves indicate rotting leaves caused by fungal infection. The fungi are likely colletotrichum or cercospora. Mature leaves that turn yellow and drop are a sign that a fungus or another bacterial strain is killing the plant. Bactericides or fungicide sprays help prevent and stave off infections. Check orchids regularly for leaf discoloration or spots.

Overwatering

• Orchid roots consist of spongy material that stores water. In addition to needing water, orchid roots also need air. One common mistake orchid growers make is giving the plant too much water, suffocating the roots. Check for overwatering by looking at the orchid's roots. If the roots are mushy and brown, they are likely overwatered. The best solution is well-draining soil. This keeps the root environment fairly dry while providing the plant enough moisture and hydration. Transplant overwatered orchids into well-draining soil if the plant still remains firmly rooted and stands.

Compacted Soil

• In addition to overwatering, compacted soil suffocates orchids. Just as too much water does not allow air to get to an orchid's roots, compact soil prevents air from getting to the roots. Providing the orchid with loose and coarse soil solves this problem. Orchids are often packaged with soil specifically designed to drain well and allow adequate amounts of air to reach the roots. If the orchid does not have this type of soil, find orchid-specific soil online and at local garden centers.