Repot your spider plant in the late spring once its roots have filled its current container. Check by turning the pot upside down and tapping it to loosen the plant. If your spider plant's fleshy, white roots are visibly crowded, a repot is due.
Use a potting compost that is free-draining, such as a mixture of 50 percent peat and 50 percent pine bark, sand or styrofoam beads. Alternatively, choose a free-draining commercial potting mix that is slightly acidic with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
Use a container one size larger than the original; too much excess soil can become waterlogged and cause rot. Alternatively, divide your spider plant by prying the root ball apart by hand. Replant the sections in new pots large enough to hold their roots.
Hold your spider plant in the pot, and fill in the gaps around the roots with compost. Leave the top inch of the pot empty to aid watering. Once your spider plant is supported by the soil, tap the pot to remove air bubbles and add more soil as necessary.
Water your newly potted spider plant until the compost is thoroughly moistened and water is flowing out of the drainage hole. Place the pot close to a bright window. Fertilize the spider plant only after it shows signs of vigorous new growth. Use a good quality liquid fertilizer formulated for houseplants.