What Are the Dangers of Sambucus Nigra?

Invasiveness

• Though originally native to Europe, black elderberry has spread to East Asia, North America and portions of New Zealand and Australia. It has been cultivated for medical and food purposes, and has become invasive in some regions. This plant produces leaves earlier than many native plants, and can create a closed canopy that chokes out smaller plants and prevents them from growing. Sambucus nigra may invade and eradicate native shrublands, forming alien ecosystems in their place.

Toxicity

• Sambucus nigra is largely nontoxic, and its fruit is used to produce jams, jellies and wine. The bark and fruit are also used in some traditional medical treatments. However, the leaves of black elder contain cyanogenic glycosides that can produce hydrogen cyanide if eaten. In some isolated cases, consuming bark, leaves or other portions of the black elder plant can cause poisoning in both humans and animals. Cooking elderberries removes the risk of a toxic reaction and renders them safe for consumption.

Medical Interactions

• Elderberry is largely safe, but can interact with some medications. RxList recommends against consuming elderberries with medications designed to decrease immune activity, as this plant may actually strengthen the immune system. People suffering from auto-immune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus or rheumatoid arthritis should not consume elderberries or any products made from Sambucus nigra. Black elder also increases urination, and should be used cautiously with any medications that have a diuretic effect, to avoid the risk of dehydration.