How Are Peppers Grown?

Seedlings

• Most home gardeners buy young plants at nurseries or garden centers, but starting seeds yourself is not difficult. Sow seeds 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost in seed-starting trays filled with soil-less potting mix. Sow the seeds 1/4 inch deep, mist the soil sparingly and cover lightly with plastic wrap. Store the seed tray in a warm location, such as the top of the refrigerator until the seeds germinate. Then remove the plastic and move the seed tray to a sunny window. Keep the soil evenly moist, but not soggy. Plant the seeds outdoors when they stand 6 inches high and outdoor temperatures are at least 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

Growing Conditions

• Peppers thrive in full sun and moist, rich soil amended with compost or manure. Sprinkle 1 tsp. 5-10-10 fertilizer on the soil at planting time, and again when the peppers begin producing flowers. Water as needed to keep the soil evenly moist. Pepper plants don't tolerate cold temperatures so cover them with floating row covers or plastic cloches if temperatures drop. Place a juice or soup can opened at both ends over the young plants, securing the can 2 inches into the soil. This strategy protects young peppers from cutworms, which are small brown or gray worms that live in the soil and feed on pepper plants.

Problems

• Pepper plants are fairly easy to grow, but may suffer a few diseases or problems. Blossom end rot causes brown or black lesions to form at the base of the pepper. This is a physiological problem caused by uneven watering or a calcium deficiency. Add lime to very acidic soils and water peppers evenly so the soil is moist, but not soggy.

Harvest

• Cut peppers from the plants when they are large and firm with a sharp knife to avoid damaging the plant. Green peppers turn red or yellow if allowed to remain on the plant longer. Wear gloves when handling hot peppers because the volatile oils can cause eye or skin irritations. Roast hot peppers on a hot grill or in the oven until the skins turn black. Peel the skins away and add the peppers to salsas, sandwiches or soups for a smoky flavor.