Growing Stages of Brussel Sprouts

Vegetative Growth

• Vegetative growth begins as soon as the Brussels sprout seeds begin to germinate. The first set of leaves that emerge are not the true leaves but rather the seed leaves. Shortly after these appear, the true leaves will emerge. Leaf production, root and main shoot development take place as the seed matures into a young plant. It is important that the plant is well cared for during this stage of growth so it is better prepared to handle the next three stages. Remove pests, provide nutrients in the form of compost or fertilizer and keep the plants well hydrated. The vegetative growth period comes to an end once the first flower begins to form.

Reproductive Growth

• Once the Brussels sprouts begin to flower and produce fruit, you will know the reproductive growth stage is in full swing. During this time, the plants will need an additional 3 inches of compost spread over their roots, or a side dressing of fertilizer, as well as adequate water to sustain them. Plants that do not receive what they need during this stage of growth usually do not produce as well as they should. The reproductive growth stage should ideally come to an end a day or two before the first fall frost is expected in your area.

Suspended Growth

• Once the cool fall and winter weather arrives, the Brussels sprouts will go into a state of dormancy, or suspended growth. The plants will retain their fruits, allowing you to pick them as you need them. It is important during this time to keep an eye on your local weather conditions. Extreme cold weather will kill the foliage back, although the roots will likely survive. Before this happens, you will want to harvest all of the Brussels sprouts. Do not pull the plants up; instead, allow them to remain in the garden for the final stage of growth.

Final Stages Of Growth

• The final stage of growth will begin in early or mid-spring. The Brussels sprouts will produce new growth from the ground level. At this point, it is OK to remove all of the dead foliage and stems. A new stem will emerge, flower and set seed. Allow the seeds to dry on the stalk, then cut the stalk off at ground level and hang it in a cool, dark and dry place for several weeks before harvesting the seeds. It is a good idea to lay the seeds on a screen for a few days to allow them to completely dry before storing them.