Plant peanuts just after the last frost lifts, when temperatures reach 65 F. Peanuts cannot tolerate frost at the beginning or end of their growing season, and grow well alongside other summer vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers and beans.
Find a site that gives you quick drainage, full sunshine and at least 10 square feet of space for growing multiple rows of peanuts. Turn over the top 6 to 10 inches of soil, pull out rocks and weeds, and mix 4 inches of organic compost into the natural soil. The compost increases drainage and nutrition in the soil. If this is a new site, mix one handful of 8-8-8 fertilizer into every 10 square feet. If this is an established garden, don't add fertilizer.
Push peanut seeds 1 to 1 1/2 inches into the soil at every 6 to 18 inches, depending on cultivar size. Run rows the length of your planting site, and give each row 24 to 36 inches of space.
Water the site with 2 to 3 inches of water and lay 1 to 2 inches of organic mulch between the rows to minimize weed growth.