Given the large variety of thyme, the plants can grow anywhere between 2 and 12 inches tall. Some varieties like Thymus vulgaris, the preferred variety used in cooking, has a shrub-like growth and a mature height of 6 to 10 inches. The low-growing varieties of the plant have a spreading, mat-like growth habit. These include certain types of lemon thyme that grow only a few inches tall, caraway thyme (Thymus herba-barona) with its mat-like growth and full height of 4 inches and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), also with a prostrate, low growth.
Thyme foliage is 1/8 to 1/4 inch long and pointed, ranging in color from fuzzy silver to glossy, dark green. Some varieties feature variegated leaves in different shades of green and gold. The highly aromatic foliage grows on woody stems and the very small, star-shaped flowers bloom all through the summer. Depending on variety, the flowers range in color from a light purple to white or pink.
Regardless of variety, thyme grows best in areas of full sun but also tolerates partial sun. Make sure that that the soil is of average fertility, well-drained and preferably alkaline. Avoid excessive use of nitrogen as this makes plants prone to fungal disorders. Growing in very moist and fertile soil also increases susceptibility to root rot disease.
Thyme has medicinal uses, for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems, stomach cramps, whooping cough and asthma. A tea made with thyme leaves is a traditional remedy for congested lungs. Italian, Cajun and fine French cuisines use thyme as flavoring. The flavor of thyme complements not only soups and vegetables but also sauces and meat.