Types of Solomon's Seal Plants

Genus

• A close relative of the popular lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis), Solomon's seal was formerly classified in the same genus. Once a member of the lily (Liliaceae) family, the genus now belongs to the Ruscaceae family. Solomon's seal plants grow throughout North America, northern Europe and Asia, including Siberia, where they can be found in moist woodlands. The hardy members of the genus may be considered invasive by some due to their vigorous, sometimes aggressive, growth habit.

Polygonatum Biflorum

• Growing to between 1 and 3 feet tall, Polygonatum biflorum is characterized by bell-shaped, yellowish green pairs of flowers, arching stems and bluish-black berries. A native of the eastern U.S. and southern Canada, the plant boasts edible rhizomes that were once used as a substitute for potatoes. The plant has been used for centuries for medical ailments ranging from tendon and joint injuries to bruises, menstrual cramps, blood pressure and dry coughs.

Polygonatum Commutatum

• Native to the U.S., Polygonatum commutatum grows 2 to 3 feet tall, producing alternate leaves and whitish-green or yellowish-green, bell-shaped flowers. The plant attracts a variety of wildlife, including anthophorine bees, little carpenter bees and the ruby-throated hummingbird. The greater prairie chicken enjoys the berries; whitetail deer eat the foliage. The plant grows naturally in woodland and mesic prairies.

Other Species

• Also known as angular Solomon's seal or scented Solomon's seal, Polygonatum odoratum is a native of Britain that produces fragrant flowers, growing to a height of about 2 feet. Garden cultivars include Variegatum, a variety that offers green leaves edged with white. Pubescent Solomon's seal (Polygonatum pubescens) is characterized by the undersides of its leaves, which are slightly hairy alongside the leaf's veins. The plant grows throughout North America, including Nova Scotia and the Midwestern United States.