Care & Fertilizing of Muscadine Vines

Where to Plant

• Plant muscadine grapevines in areas that receive six to eight hours of direct sunlight each day; those grown in shaded or partially shaded areas don't yield large crops. Choose an area that is well-drained. Muscadine grapevines that grow in areas where water accumulates run the risk of developing diseases. Ample air circulation also helps prevent diseases, so avoid low-lying areas.

Soil

• Muscadine grapes adapt well to many types of soil, but sandy, moderately fertile soils with a pH between 5.8 and 6.5 produce healthy fruit crops. This most important soil characteristic, however, is good drainage. Heavy clay soils most likely won't drain sufficiently, causing fungi to breed. Add organic matter to the soil to improve drainage.

Irrigation

• Muscadine grapevines are fairly drought-tolerant, but require sufficient irrigation during the establishment period. During the first two years, water deeply once a week except during periods of rainfall. Regular weeding around the grapevines ensures moisture isn't going to the wrong plant. After two years, the muscadine grapes are well-established and can withstand periods of drought.

Fertilization

• During the muscadine grapevines' first year, apply 1 cup of a balanced fertilizer starting at least 18 inches away from the vine's base, and spread the fertilizer in a 2-foot-wide band around the vine. In the early summer, fertilize with 2 ounces of ammonium nitrate, and again in mid-summer. Double the fertilizer amount and spread in a 4-foot-wide band around the vine during the second year. In the third year, apply 8 cups of balanced fertilizer, increasing the width of the band again but being sure not to come within 12 inches of each grapevine. For the following years, keep the fertilizer applications between 8 and 16 cups, and use the same broadcast method. Additionally, use a fertilizer that contains micronutrients, especially magnesium and boron. For young vines, sprinkle 3 ounces of Epsom salts around the vine base, or 5 ounces for mature vines. Boric acid added to fertilizer prevents boron deficiencies. Use 2 tablespoons for mature vines every two to three years.