Frechman Pierre Galet is the go-to scientist for grape leaf identification. His book "A Practical Ampelography" is a grape vine identification guide with illustrations and can help your identification efforts.
Leaf shape can help you identify the grape variety. Some leaves are wider, more like a maple leaf, while others seem narrower and have longer points.
Examine the cell structure on your grape leaf: a close-knit cell structure may indicate a wine grape. If the lines on your leaf are further apart, you might have an eating grape such as Concord.
Knowing whether the grape is blue or green can help you identify the vine. Wait until the grape vine flowers and fruits to identify difficult plants.
When they're young, grape vines and grape leaves may resemble other plants. If you're unsure whether a wine is a grape vine, examine the tip for curling tendrils; these indicate grape vines rather than another plant.