What Type of Root System Does a Grape Plant Have?

Extensive Roots

• Like other plant roots, grapevine roots anchor the plant and provide it with water, nutrients and hormones. According to Edward W. Hellman at Texas A&M University, a mature grapevine's root system is extensive, consisting of "a woody framework of the vine's first roots, from which permanent roots develop and grow either horizontally or vertically. These roots produce several branches that in turn produce more lateral roots, that can further branch into smaller lateral roots." The numerous roots increase the area of soil harnessed for the grapevine's needs.

Soil Depth

• According to the Texas Winegrape Network, the recommended soil depth for vineyards is a minimum of 30 to 40 inches. Shallow soils prevent root development, resulting in smaller vines and greater sensitivity to changes in soil moisture. Grape plants should be slightly pulled upward immediately after being planted in the soil, to keep roots downward. If roots are twisted or bunched when planted, they can circle around each other and eventually kill the vine.

Grafted Vines

• Most new grapevines are propagated by grafting, in which a certain cultivar and rootstock are joined together to provide resistance to certain diseases.