Cut the hydrangea bush back in the summer, when the blooming ends. Cut the branches down by half, to promote blooming for the next season. Oak leaf hydrangeas bloom on the previous year's growth, according to Texas A&M University.
Prune off dead branches, broken branches. Cut back crossing branches to keep the bush's growth even and uncrowded.
Trim the hydrangea's branches by cutting them back after flowering to achieve the desired height or shape. For example, trim off 1 foot of growth to keep the top of the hydrangea bush below the level of a window or to keep the hydrangea level with a fence.
Form the hydrangea into a more uniform shape, if desired. For example, clip the tops and sides of the hydrangea bush into a rounded shape, or cut the branches shorter on one side of the hydrangea bush to prevent it from touching the house or growing into a walkway. Trim a hydrangea hedge into a classic shape by pruning the sides so they slope, with the top of the hedge narrower than the bottom.