The Planting Requirements for Semi-Dwarf Apple Trees

Site Requirements

• Semi-dwarf apples require at least six hours of sun each day for healthy growth and fruit production. The advantage of semi-dwarf trees is they can fit more easily into small urban landscapes and are much easier to harvest. Allow a minimum radius of 8 feet from other trees and large shrubs to ensure the tree has sufficient room to grow and for ease of access. Apples need good drainage and soil that is rich in organic matter and nutrients. In particular, apples need ample quantities of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the soil, especially when they are young.

Planting

• It is best to plant apples in late winter as "bare root" trees, meaning they are purchased when dormant without a pot or soil. Because the roots are not confined to a pot, this method allows for a natural root structure to form, giving semi-dwarf apples better anchorage in high winds and speeding establishment. Dig a hole only slightly wider than the root system and let the roots splay out in all directions. Press soil firmly around the roots and water thoroughly, making sure there are no air pockets in the planting hole.

Pollination

• Almost all apple varieties require pollination by another variety to make fruit. This is true whether the apple is full size, dwarf or semi-dwarf. Semi-dwarf apple trees must be planted within 50 feet of each other for pollination to be effective. Since two semi-dwarf trees fit in the space of one full size apple, they offer a distinct advantage for gardeners with limited space. Multi-graft apple trees have several varieties grafted on the same trunk and are an option if planting more than one tree is not desirable.

Protection

• Young apple trees are one of the favorite foods of browsing deer. If needed, install a fence 4 feet tall and 6 to 8 feet in diameter around young trees to protect from deer. Underground, trees may be attacked by gophers or other ground-dwelling rodents. In areas where these animals are prevalent, it is necessary to plant the roots inside cages made of hardware cloth. FInally, young trees are susceptible to high winds and must be properly staked. Tie the tree to a wooden or metal stake on either side using rope or wire. Use a piece of rubber, like an old inner tube or garden hose, to insulate the tree trunk from being chafed by the rope or wire.