Tips for Growing Watermelons in the Deep South

Basic Growing Requirements

• Regardless of your location in Dixie, watermelons are grown only when frost doesn't threaten and the soil temperatures remain above 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Watermelons may be grown in sand, loam or clay, but organic matter added to these soils improves fertility, soil texture and drainage -- all vital to good plant growth. Never plant watermelons in heavy soils or where drainage is poor. All-day sunshine keeps the watermelon plants dry and warm, promoting lots of growth with flowers and developing fruits.

Types

• Numerous cultivars of watermelons may be grown, and they vary in the time needed from germination until harvest of fruits. Early-producing types take as little as 70 to 80 days, while regular types require from 80 to 100 days. Seeded watermelons are the easiest to grow, as they readily sprout from seed and grow in the ground where sown. Seedless types are more challenging, since seeds are more finicky in sprouting and are more expensive. Seedless watermelons need to be planted among seeded watermelon vines so the latter's flowers supply the necessary pollen to ensure fruit melons form.

Growing Seasons

• Sow watermelons in the garden the same time you plant tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in your part of the Deep South. That time frame varies from early spring in southernmost latitudes to around mid-April just to the north of the Gulf Coast. The main watermelon harvest occurs in May and June in south Texas and southern Florida, and by early July along the Gulf Coast. A second planting of watermelons may be made in late June or early July, for harvest in September and October, in the southernmost latitudes of the region.

Cultural Insight

• Fewer insects pests threaten watermelon vines that are grown in the spring to midsummer period than those from early summer to fall. To diminish the likelihood of fungal diseases on watermelons, do not plant them in the same spot where other melon, cucumber or pumpkin/squash vines grew the past two years. All of these closely related plants harbor the same pests and soil-borne diseases. Keep the soil free of weeds, and since watermelon root are shallow, avoid deep cultivation with a hoe. The best melon fruit development occurs when it's sunny and dry, but where the soil is evenly moist and stems and leaves aren't wet.