What Is Needed for Growing Oranges?

Soil

• Rich, well-drained soil provides the best growing medium for orange trees. The trees don't grow well in compacted clay soil or dry, sandy locations. Avoid locations that drain poorly after rain or irrigation. If standing water remains on the surface of the soil or within the top 6 inches after rainfall, the location is too wet and the orange tree will suffer from root rot problems and eventual death. Orange trees have deep roots, so amending poor soil near the surface doesn't improve the soil quality. Instead, choose a location that naturally has rich, loamy soil instead of shallowly amended sites.

Sunlight and Temperature

• Temperature plays an important part in the successful growth of a tropical orange tree. The trees thrive in tropical and subtropical locations that don't experience frost, but they can also grow well in borderline climates that only occasionally experience winter cold. Plant the trees on the south side of buildings so they receive plenty of winter sunlight. Avoid locations exposed to cold winter wind. Oranges also require full sun to grow and fruit abundantly. Avoid areas shaded by neighboring trees or buildings.

Fertilization

• Regular fertilization helps the trees put on healthy new growth and results in bountiful fruit production. Fertilize newly planted trees lightly with a 21-0-0 ammonium sulfate fertilizer. One cup divided into four applications through the year is sufficient for young trees. Mature trees require more fertilizer, so increase the amount by 1 cup each year to a maximum of 4 cups. Orange trees may need other fertilizer nutrients depending on your location and the quality of your soil. Your county extension office can provide detailed soil analysis to guide your fertilizer choice.

Cold Protection

• Orange trees eventually require some cold protection unless you live in a tropical zone that experiences minimal temperature differences throughout the year. The trees survive temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit, but ice forming on the developing fruits can destroy them. Covering small, young trees with frost blankets protects the fruit but isn't suitable for tall, full-grown trees. A frame constructed around the tree or grove that supports a plastic covering also provides protection. You can also set up heat lamps around the trees when a frost is predicted.