Cut back all of the canes in late winter to roughly 5 feet long. This helps to keep the canes from massing on the ground in a tangled mess, and makes harvesting and future pruning easier as well.
Thin second-year growth of fruiting canes in the late winter, first by removing any dead, damaged or cracked canes all the way down to the soil line. Thin the remaining healthy canes so that there is roughly 4 to 6 inches between each cane. This will make room for sun and fresh air to reach the foliage and fruit.
Sever any canes that emerge from the soil outside of the established boundaries of the raspberry hedge or row, typically anything beyond 15 to 18 inches. Cut these down at, or just below, the soil line, or pull them out by the root with gloved hands.
Prune the oldest canes that just bore fruit, immediately after the harvest in later summer. Leave three to four healthy shoots for every foot of raspberry row. Sever the canes targeted for removal down to the crown at the soil line.
Carefully extricate and collect all of the cane cuttings from the raspberry plants and soil, each and every time time you prune. Leaving the plant materials to decay in situ provides an open invitation to disease, pests and insect activity.