Pull dead and sick mandevilla leaves by hand or prune them with a pair of shears. Get that done in the fall after the blooming is over. If your plant spends summers outdoors, examine it for pests while it is still outside. Remove all infected parts before taking the pot into the house.
Trim the vine at the end of winter or early in spring before the mandevilla breaks dormancy. Target areas crowded with old stems for thinning. Cut some of them back to the base with a pair of shears. That encourages new, healthier shoots to sprout and flower that same season. The following year, remove the old branches you retained this year to continue to renew the plant. Alternatively, cut an entire vine back to the surface if it looks neglected. A new set of stems sprouts from the base as spring progresses.
Shorten newer stems to the length you prefer after you remove old growth. Prune them ¼ inch above a bud at a 45-degree angle.