Trace Minerals in Plants

Copper

• Copper is one of the most important trace minerals found in plants. It activates vital proteins in the plant's cells that allow for healthy, substantive growth. Leaf discoloration and stunted growth are common symptoms of a copper deficiency in plants. An excess amount of copper in the soil is toxic to many plants and can damage their roots or leaves.

Iron

• Plants use the metallic mineral iron during photosynthesis and other critical processes. It catalyzes energy-producing reactions within the plant and is required for the production of chlorophyll, the molecule plants use to absorb light energy. Much like copper, iron is rarely in deficiency. Symptoms of insufficient iron include yellowing of the leaves and a decrease in growth.

Boron

• Boron is a stationary trace mineral, which means it cannot circulate throughout the plant. Plants use boron, in addition to calcium, to build strong cell walls. This mineral also plays a part in cell division and supplements the plant's reproductive system. Plants must consistently absorb this mineral throughout their lives to maintain healthy, productive growth.

Chlorine

• Chlorine is an ingredient in pool cleaners used to suppress algae and bacteria growth in the water. Plants need it for photosynthesis in extremely small amounts, around 1 to 2 parts per million (ppm). Soil with an excess of chlorine is extremely toxic; it destroys cell walls and can kill plants quickly.

Zinc

• Zinc competes with iron and copper for content space in soil, but is just as necessary for proper plant growth. It helps preserve plant roots and augments the structural integrity of the plant. An excess of zinc is not as toxic as a glut of other trace minerals, but it often represents a deficiency of iron or copper in the soil.

Selenium

• Selenium is known for its toxicity rather than its role as an essential trace mineral. It is only useful in extremely small amounts; a concentration in excess of 2 ppm can cripple vegetation. Most healthy plants have a selenium concentration around 0.2 to 0.3 ppm in their stems.