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The Stages of Wilting Carnations

Diseases of carnations are difficult to control. The dense canopy of these plants prevents fungicides from penetrating down to the older leaves, where the disease spores feed on the accumulated debris and detritus created by dead leaves. The different wilt disease conditions in carnations are caused by fungi and bacteria, and are often fatal. The spores associated with most wilt diseases prefer warm temperatures and increased humidity. The symptoms of wilt diseases are normally easily noticeable and frequently involve the leaves turning a yellow, grey or brown color.

  1. Bacterial Wilt

    • Bacterial wilt spreads rapidly. Symptoms of this wilt include a bacterial slime, especially when the humidity is elevated, and greyish leaves. Cracks develop in the internode tissue and leak a bacterial slime, while the vascular bundles become yellowish or brown. The stems of carnations that are infected with bacterial wilt become sticky, and the tops of these plants wilt and turn from a greyish-green color to yellow. The carnation invariably dies at this point.

    Fusarium Wilt

    • Carnations that are seriously infected by fusarium wilt will eventually die. The root system of these infected plants typically remains unaffected, but dark brown stains are present on the vascular system. Initially, only one side of the carnation begins to wilt and the leaves on this side turn yellow. The top of the main shoot in carnations that are infected by fusarium wilt grows out to the side of the plant. Once this wilt develops into a shredded rot, the stem dries out. This wilt prefers soil and air temperatures that range between 75 and 86 degrees F.

    Phialophora Wilt

    • Phialophora is an uncommon disease of carnations. Certain symptoms of this wilt are similar to the fusarium wilt, but in the case of phialophora wilt, the entire carnation is affected rather than just a single side of the plant. Carnations that are infected with this disease condition slowly wilt, and their leaves become yellow in color. The vascular bundles of these carnations are brown. Only limited tissue rotting occurs with this disease. The spores of phialophora wilt can lie dormant in the soil for extended periods of time and typically enter the roots of a carnation, through small wounds.

    Stunt or Bacterial Slow Wilt

    • Bacterial slow wilt takes several weeks to develop. The lower leaves of carnations that are suffering from stunt, curl and wilt will die within time. Carnations suffering from bacterial slow wilt become stunted and exhibit narrow leaves, which have a yellow to green coloration. Infected carnations with stunt sometimes recover to a degree but relapse after a period of time.

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