What Wiring to Use for a Swimming Pool

Insulation

• All pool wiring must be done with insulated wiring. The need for insulation extends to weatherproof connectors and outlets with covers that keep out water and debris that can cause a short circuit. Some building codes require pool wiring to be buried as deep as 18 inches below the surface of the ground. This serves to protect wiring but also requires durable insulation that can resist temperature fluctuation and the presence of water in the earth.

Grounding

• Wiring for a pool must be grounded. This is a requirement set out in the National Electrical Code, as well as local pool and electrical building codes. Grounded wiring requires a grounding electrode as well as a third, neutral wire to join the positive and negative wires that supply power to the pool and nearby outlets that are part of the electrical system. Grounded systems reduce the risk of electrical accidents.

Gauge

• Some local building codes specify the minimum gauge for pool wiring. In some cases, a pool must use at least #12 American Wire Gauge, with higher AWGs also permissible. Gauge requirements ensure that pool wiring is durable and can carry the electrical load that a pool's pump and other accessories draw. It also protects the home that the pool wiring originates from, reducing the risk of overheating and electrical fires.

Additional Requirements

• Building codes specify electrical requirements for pools that go beyond the type of wiring and methods you use. For example, pools must include non-conductive shells that prevent electrical currents from entering the water. Space requirements seek to prevent the same danger, specifying that pumps and electrical convenience outlets to be located at least 6 feet from the walls of the pool. Check your local building code or hire an installer familiar with constructing pools in your area to make sure your new pool complies with regulations.