Position the door frame so one side is along a normal full stud. Measure the width of the rough frame for a pre-hung single door, supplied by the door manufacturer, with a tape measure and install another full stud. Cut two, two-by-six header boards to fit between those studs. Use your own dimensions if you are building your own shed door with a width different from a standard door.
Mark the height for the rough frame on both studs and nail the headers in place with the 6-inch faces vertical, using 16d framing nails driven through the studs with a hammer into the headers. Use a level to ensure it is level before fully securing it.
Make studs to fit between the bottom of the header and the bottom plate of the wall, which would have been installed when the basic wall was framed. Measure that distance and cut studs to fit with a circular saw. Nail those "queen" or "jack" studs to the king studs on either side and toenail them with nails driven diagonally to the bottom of the header.
Measure the distance between the top of the header and the bottom of the top wall plate and cut short studs to fit in between. Space these studs with centers 16 inches apart, working from the full studs on either side. Use a reciprocal saw the cut off the bottom plate at the inside edges of the queen studs.