How to Build an ADA-Approved Home Wheelchair Ramp

Know the appropriate slope. According to the ADA, a ramp’s incline should be no more than 1 foot of rise for every 12 feet of length. For example, if the top of your porch is 2 feet off the ground, the ramp must be at least 24 feet long.

Determine the placement of the landings. The ADA recommends having a landing at either end of a ramp that is at least 60 inches long and 36 inches wide so wheelchair users have enough space to turn in the chair.

Consider the best ramp configuration for your home based on available space. Your ramp does not have to be completely straight, as this configuration may be impractical and cause the ramp to extend into the street. By adding turns into a ramp's configuration, you can make the structure more compact. If you make an L-shaped or U-shaped ramp, you must provide a level platform at each corner so a user can rest. If your ramp is long, you can create a switch back ramp that has two parallel ramps of differing lengths. The location of the platform on this ramp configuration is at the top of the first incline.

Use the appropriate materials. The strongest ramps are those made from steel or aluminum, but those materials are pricey and may not be necessary if a ramp is simply for home use. Pressure-treated wood is good option for ramps. Use 4-by-4-inch lumber for the ramp’s upright posts, 2-by-6-inch lengths of lumber for the cross supports and plywood pads for the bottom of the posts that measure 1-by-1-by-0.75 feet. Posts should be set in concrete. Secure 2-by-4 lengths of lumber to the posts using deck screws and add 2-by-4 diagonal braces. Use deck boards that are 2 inches thick for the ramp’s platforms. Secure the deck boards to the ramp frame with deck screws.

Add rounded handrails to the ramp if it is higher than 6 inches. A good handrail height for wheelchair users is 24 inches because it is within easy reach. The diameter of the handrail should be between 1.5 inches and 2.5 inches.

Weatherproof the ramp. While you do not have to stain the wooden ramp, do seal it to protect it from the elements and prevent rot. In addition if you live in an area that experiences rainy, snowy or freezing temperature, add additional traction to the ramp by installing adhesive non-skid tape that feels like sandpaper.