What Kind of Base for Pavers?

Recycled Concrete or Aggregate

• The base material used for a paver surface is typically referred to as gravel, but not any gravel will do. Once the subsoil is compacted with a manual tamper or compactor machine, fill the foundation with crushed recycled concrete or three-fourth-inch aggregate. Add a 4- to 6-inch layer for a walkway or patio surface intended for foot traffic, and an 8- to 10-inch layer for a driveway. The irregularly shaped pieces fit together when compacted, preventing the surface from sinking while remaining flexible enough to expand and contract with freezing temperatures.

Sand Bedding

• The second part of a gravel base is the sand bedding. A 1- to 1 1/2-inch layer of sand is necessary to fill in gaps across the compacted base and provide a level surface for setting pavers. The sharp edges of course grit sand provide traction so pavers don't slide. Once the pavers are placed on the bedding, fill the joints with fine-grained masonry sand for additional support.

Edging

• Edge restraints serve an important function for sand-set pavers. They provide constant horizontal resistance, locking pavers in place. To ensure a tight fit, install the edging before placing the pavers. Use 12-inch spikes to fasten metal or plastic edge restraints through the base and into the ground.

Existing Concrete

• If you have an existing concrete walkway or patio, you can re-purpose the concrete as a base for pavers. Setting pavers over existing concrete saves the time and resources required to remove concrete and build a new foundation. Repair any minor cracks with vinyl patching compound and clean the surface thoroughly. Any remaining debris or grease stains will interfere with the bond between the concrete and mortar. Set the pavers on mortar and fill the joints with grout or sand.