Common Farm Chemicals

Aluminum Phosphide

• Aluminum phosphide is a fumigant and fungicide used in states like California as a chemical pest control method to control insects and rodents for protection of crops like pistachios and almonds. It is also used to keep foods safe during storage, transportation and processing and for outdoor rodent control. Introduced in the 1950s, aluminum phosphide purchase and use is restricted to certified users by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Aluminum Phosphide is distinguished by dark gray or yellowish crystals and smells like garlic or decaying fish. It is available in pellets, tablets, sachets or as dust.

Methyl Bromide

• Methyl bromide, also known as bromomethane, is a common farm chemical used as a soil fumigant to kill diseases, nematodes, insects and weeds. It is also effective against termites and rodents. Methyl bromide gas cannot be detected by the senses, as it is a colorless gas with no smell. The liquid form has a sweet, chloroform-like odor at high concentrations. Nearly three quarters of the U.S. methyl bromide production is used in the production of pesticides, and usage and purchase of this chemical is restricted by the EPA. Methyl bromide fumigation is carried out in areas related to grain storage, transportation and processing such as elevators, mills and ships, as well as in fields and greenhouses.  

Pyrethrins

• Pyrethrins are common farm chemicals which are plant-derived. The raw materials used to make this chemical are the natural insecticides produced within the flowers of the chrysanthemum plant.  After harvest, the volatile essential oils which contain the active ingredient pyrethrin are extracted by solvents. Pyrethrin is available in liquid, solid and powder forms, and is identifiable as a thick, brown resin. Pyrethrin is used in pesticides for the control of mosquitoes, flies, beetles and cockroaches in addition to areas where grain is stored and for poultry production. Although pyrethrin comes from a natural source, the EPA limits its use and purchase to certified professionals.