Design Guide for Landscaping

Start With a Site Plan

• A site plan shows your property's existing conditions. Whether you draft a design to scale, or pen a rough sketch, jot down site information. Measure the perimeter and each area within the landscape. This is helpful when purchasing materials and laying out your planting plan. Study the microclimate and mark areas receiving sunlight and shade and the time of the day. Note views you enjoy and unsightly ones. Locate water, power and sewer lines and septic tanks. Call a locate service to mark utilities if you are new to the property. A site plan helps determine the site's the possibilities and the limitations.

Plumbing, Hardscaping and Structures

• Install underground drainage pipes and irrigation. Prepare wiring for irrigation, water features and lighting. Follow up by installing paths and patios. Install any concrete structures. These steps are messy and mostly permanent. While they seem expensive, this is the time to do them.

Soil and Turf

• Large-scale projects can damage topsoil. If your soil is good, set it aside and then put it back. Soil high in clay or sand needs amending. Order topsoil from a landscape company. Never plant a lawn until the soil is right. Order compost and mulch.

Woody Trees and Shrubs

• Start with trees and large shrubs because their roots need time to establish. They must also contend with native soil. Woody plants do best when installed in early spring or late fall. Maximize your money when buying plants. A good tree size is 5 to 8 feet in height. Shrubs in 5-gallon containers may cost little more than the 1-gallon size. Larger woody plants give your garden instant structure.

Annuals, Perennials and Bulbs

• Smaller plants go in last. Do not go to the nursery without a plant list. Choose plants according to the conditions of your site. Consider light requirements and your U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone. Try marginally hardy plants later. Have a sketch showing plant placement. Allow space for plants to reach maturity. Once the perennials are in, include groundcovers and bulbs.

Furniture and Garden Art

• Furniture and garden art help make your landscape unique. They should reflect who you are, and how you live. The first items you choose influence everything you add later. Some items must be brought indoors during bad weather. Focus on weatherproof items for an easy-care outdoor environment.