The Size of an Apple Tree and the Rate of Growth

Fertilization and Growth Rate

• Fruit trees require nitrogen-rich fertilizer to ensure consistent vegetative growth. The amount of nitrogen required should be based on soil analysis results and how much shoot growth took place within the previous season. Nonbearing apple trees should produce between 12 and 26 inches of shoot growth per year. Mature, fruit-bearing trees should produce between 6 and 18 inches of growth per year. Trees that produce less growth than this per year would benefit from more nitrogen. Cut back nitrogen feedings on apples trees that experience growth beyond this range.

Determining Annual Growth Rate

• To determine the amount of annual growth, look for bud scale scar rings. Scars develop when leaves and fruit separate from twigs. A terminal bud will leave a scar that encircles the entire twig. There will be a visible difference in the color and bark textures above and below these rings. Growth beyond the bud scale scars is new. Determine an average growth rate by checking several points on the apple tree. Using these measurements, you can determine the annual growth rate of the tree and whether more or less nitrogen is required.

Dwarf Apple Trees

• Dwarf apple trees, which are a favorite among many home gardeners, typically grow no taller than 8 to 10 feet. They require little space, are relatively easy to harvest and prune and begin producing fruit after only three years, which is years sooner than a standard apple tree. On the other hand, dwarf apple trees tend to have brittle roots and may require a permanent stake or trellis for structural support.

Semidwarf Apple Trees

• The majority of semidwarf apple trees ultimately reach a height between 10 and 16 feet, which is approximately three-quarters the size of a standard apple tree. Semidwarf apple trees begin producing fruit four to five years after planting and continue to do so for about 25 years.

Standard Apple Trees

• Standard apple trees grow at least 20 feet in height and often obtain heights of 30 to 40 feet. It takes about seven to 10 years after planting to begin bearing fruit. Due to their size demands and slow-to-fruit tendency, standard apple trees are significantly less in demand than dwarf and semidwarf apple trees. They are not recommended for most home gardeners.