About the Dragon Fruit Tree

Description

• The pitaya stem grows up to 20 feet and has many jointed branches that have three to five sides. The stems are covered with green flesh and the segments contain corneous margins which may be spineless or have up to three spines. Stems form aerial roots for the purpose of climbing. Very large, showy flowers in white and pink are nocturnal and fragrant. The bell-shaped blooms reach up to 9 inches wide and 14 inches long. The fruit resembles a large berry, with yellow or red scaly skin. The flesh of the fruit is red, white or yellow, depending on the variety, and contains small black seeds.

Growing Conditions

• Pitayas prefer subtropical and tropical climates, as long as the temperature doesn't reach over 100 degrees F. Although they are considered full-sun plants, extreme sunlight can cause injury to the plant, and they tolerate partial shade well. Temperatures in the 65 to 75 degree F range are optimal. High humidity may cause bacterial, fungal and pest problems. Water the plant during the fruit development stage if there are long periods of drought.

Pests

• Pitaya plants can fall victim to several pests and diseases. Some locations in Florida have reported severe infestations of stem scale and anthracnose, and damage by fruit flies, mites, mealybugs and slugs occurs in other locations. Animals such as birds, rats, raccoons and opossums can also cause damage by eating stems and fruits. Weed control is essential to prevent animals from hiding around the plants. Bacteria can also attack the plant, causing stem rot.

Storage and Use

• Refrigerated pitayas keep well for about four to five weeks, and some grocery stores carry frozen pitaya pulp. Although most people consume the fresh fruit, the frozen alternative is used in jellies, ice cream, marmalade and preserves, pastries, candy and yogurt. The red color of the pitaya has found its way into the food and cosmetic industries as a coloring agent. The fruit is also an interesting addition to salads and gourmet dishes, and the unopened buds of the flower can be cooked and eaten as a side dish.