Plant bamboo in the Florida spring, when the ground has fully thawed, to give it a chance to establish itself before the heat and sun of summer arrives. Decide on your planting locations ahead of time. If you're planting multiple bamboo plants, count on planting them 5 to 10 feet apart to give the plants adequate space for expansion. Amend your sites to a depth of 2 feet with a combination of half compost and half quick-draining soil.
Plant bamboo rhizomes, or bulbs, 2 inches deep in your amended soil. If the rhizomes have already sprouted, plant them with the sprouting end up. Fill in the hole around the rhizome completely; they will suffer if there are air pockets.
Water the bamboo rhizomes immediately with 1 inch of water. Maintain weekly watering, but take any Florida rainfall into account. Bamboo needs 1 inch of water a week, and hand watering should only supplement natural rainfall.
Feed bamboo every four to six weeks with 10-10-10 fertilizer added to the water. Follow manufacturer directions with regard to amount and safe application of fertilizer.