Ideas for Fish Ponds for Small Yards

In-Ground Ponds

• A standard in-ground backyard pond measures 3 to 4 feet in diameter with an additional foot around the pond's circumference. Building up a bank is important for allowing water to drain into the pond and not out. Sloping sides also discourage raccoons and other scavengers from eating your fish. Ponds can be dug out with a shovel to an average depth of 3 feet. Once dug, the ponds are lined with coarse sand and covered with a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pond liner. For more permanent ponds in climates with mild winters, concrete can line the pond. Do not add water features such as waterfalls and bubblers because they will disturb fish and many floating plants.

Container Gardens

• Container gardens are a good alternative to in-ground ponds, especially for small yards with dominating decks or patios. Practically any container can be used as a fish pond--from popular water barrels to reinvented bathtubs. Before using a container, ensure that it is creosote-free. Some chemicals can injure plants and fish. If you are unsure, then find a plastic tub that can fit inside your decorative container. Polyethylene liners in barrels, tubs and other containers prevent water leakage.

Fish

• Water gardeners suggest stocking small ponds with native fish. Small fish, such as bait minnows and mosquito fish are best for small containers. Mosquito fish, also called gambezi fish (Gambusia affinis), provide entertainment by jumping and flipping. The size and shape of your container determine the amount and type of flora and fauna you can put in it. Plan on purchasing snails and other scavenger species to help control algae. Ask employees at pond stores and pet stores about size requirements for specific fish. Choose fish that can survive your outdoor climate. Some water gardeners purchase minnows and baitfish that are discarded when weather turns cold. During cold winters, fish in small ponds should be kept indoors.

Plants

• Water garden plants don't grow directly from the pond's bottom. Instead the plants are in baskets that stand on the pond's bottom while the water lilies, lotus and other species grow to the water's surface. Most whiskey barrels are able to support one water lily. Water hyacinth flowers float on the surface and do not require pots. They are prolific, however, and need to be trimmed back during the summer. When choosing flowers for your container or pond, plan for a changing season. If you do not have the space to overwinter fish or flowers inside your home, then focus on tropical annual plant varieties and small baitfish.