List of Plant Materials Used in a Zen Garden

Stones

• Stones are the focal point of most Zen gardens. A variety of stones are used in traditional Zen gardens, each with particular meaning. Taido stones, which represent trees, are often used in place of living plants in traditional Zen gardens. Kikyaku stones, sometimes called root stones, are used to represent the Earth. Shigyo stones are a symbol of fire in a Zen garden and are typically found on the outside edges of the garden. Reisho stones represent metal and serve as a symbol for firmness. These are usually positioned in low, vertical positions throughout a Zen garden.

Sand

• The sand found in a Zen garden is representative of the Earth's water. Choosing a sand variety that is of the right consistency is important to the look and maintenance of your Zen garden. Sand that is too fine may be easily blown around by the wind, but sand that is too thick might not be so relaxing to rake. White sand is typically seen in traditional Zen gardens, but feel free to choose a color that best suits you and your personality. Gravel is sometimes used in the place of sand.

Wood

• Pieces of wood can be used in your Zen garden in various ways. Planks can be laid to create a walkway through a large garden or used as a border for smaller gardens. Wood chips are also a common element.

Plants

• Live plants are not a necessary part of a traditional Zen garden, and many contain no plants whatsoever. If you wish to put plants in your Zen garden, however, there are a few common choices. Plants that are popular in Zen gardens include the Japanese maple, bamboo, dwarf mondo grass, Japanese nandina and Japanese yew.

Objects

• Other objects are seen around Zen gardens as well. A wooden rake, twig or branch is used to comb or rake through the sand and promote relaxation. Lighting can be placed throughout your Zen garden as well, though lanterns made of wood or other natural materials should be used.