Purchase a 2-foot-long piece of 4-inch by 4-inch steel tubing.
Paint the steel tubing with metal primer on all sides. This is to inhibit rust formation.
Create a hole in the ground where the deck post will be installed. This hole needs to be 10 inches around and about 28 inches deep.
Fill the hole with a few inches of rounded gravel. Three inches works well.
Place the steel tubing inside the hole. Then, insert the 4-inch by 4-inch deck post into the tubing. Lock the post in place with temporary bracing.
Fill the area between the metal tube and the sidewall of the hole with concrete. Once the concrete is dry, the steel tubing will be locked in place.
Wait a full 24 hours. Take out the deck post, and use waterproof urethane to add small pieces of treated lumber to the part of the post that will be within the steel tubing. These pieces should be large enough that the post fits securely within the tubing, creating a right angle with the ground. However, this method will also allow you to remove the deck post should it ever need to be replaced.