Techniques for Wood Deck Construction

Support

• The most important part of the deck is the part that holds it up. Whether it's a series of concrete piers or some wooden posts, the deck's support must be vertical, level, and more than able to bear the substantial weight of the structure. Ideally, deck posts are set directly on bedrock. If this isn't possible, the posts should at least be set down into the ground below the frost line to prevent heaving and movement. The tops of the posts should be notched to accept the deck beams, so that the beams are resting on the posts rather than hanging off of them, supported only by bolts.

Decking Materials

• Decking is laid flat on top of joists to create a spacious and even area with easy access to the house. To maximize the lifespan of the deck, you need to use either manufactured materials, pressure-treated lumber, or wood that is resistant to rot, such as cedar or tamarack. New materials are constantly being developed for decking, and many of them haven't been around long enough for a consensus to emerge on their quality. When considering artificial decking materials such as plastic-infused wood or polyurethane decking, do extensive research before you buy to minimize your risk of disappointment.

Stairs and Railings

• Stairs and railings are the areas of a deck where safety is of the greatest concern. Stairs should be equipped with sturdy handrails. Railings should be the correct height and firmly attached to the deck. Some decks feature railings that lean out from the deck and double as backrests for built-in seats. The higher the deck is off the ground, the more important it is to have railings that will hold a person's weight if someone stumbles against one. Stairs and railings can be made from the same materials as the decking itself.

Attaching a Deck to a House

• While a deck should be attached to a house to minimize movement, it shouldn't depend on the house for support. This means posts or concrete piers should be installed next to the house, as well as under the deck's outer edge, so that the entire deck is supported by the ground. After the deck is built, it can be stabilized against the house by attaching wooden cleats to the underside of the joists and decking that abut the house, and then screwing or bolting these cleats into the side of the house.