Rinse a large funnel with clear water. If the funnel has been used, clean any greasy or dirty spots with soap and rinse it well. If you don’t have a funnel, cut the bottom off a gallon water jug and rinse the jug.
Make a slice through the cap if you are using a gallon jug approximately ¼-inch in length. Make a second slice the same size through the first, making an “X” in the lid. Wiggle the knife tip around in the “X” creating an opening large enough for a straw to pass through.
Place cotton batting at the bottom of the funnel or upside-down gallon jug, so that the entire bottom is covered. Sprinkle a layer of one-half inch of carbon or activated charcoal over the cotton batting, followed by one-half inch of fine sand, one-half inch of coarse sand, one-half inch of fine rock pieces and 2 inches of one-half inch rocks.
Repeat the same layers in the same amounts until you reach approximately 1 inch from the funnel or jug’s top. Set a coffee filter on top of the last layer of rock, or cover the top layer with cheesecloth. Slowly pouring tap water through the filter or cheesecloth removes sulfur, iron and other impurities.