Swirl marks, like the name implies, look like circles. They are small, detailed scratches that show up on your car. Frequently, these scratches can be caused by taking your car through automatic car washes. The abrasive parts used to scrub and clean your car can leave behind damage. Buffing a car too often or with a pad that's too rough can also cause swirl marks.
Spider webbing marks are another type of scratch that is similar to swirl marks, but they are elongated like the pattern of a spider web. Anything that is too abrasive or rough that comes in contact with your car can cause spider webs to show up. This happens quite often with new cars that have fresher paint jobs than older cars.
To remove minimal scratch marks on your own, try a clay bar, polish or wax product. Rub the product into the marks, buffing it gently with a microfiber cloth. Swirl marks can also be removed with commercial scratch remover that can be applied to the marks. This may work for smaller marks that don't cover a lot of area.
For swirl marks and spider webbing that you simply can't remove yourself or are afraid to, take the car to a professional. A professional will use a machine called an orbital buffer to take out the scratches. The buffer removes noticeable or large scratches from the car and should fix the scratches permanently.