Turn the stovetop off and allow it to cool. Remove the burner grates and burner bowls with burnt plastic on them.
Scrub grates with a wet towel. Soak chrome burner bowls in ½ cup of ammonia per 1 gallon of water for 20 minutes, and scrub the burnt plastic off with steel wool. Soak porcelain enamel burner bowls in dish detergent and warm water and scrub plastic remnants with a nonabrasive sponge. Rinse the burners with water. Dry the grates and burners with a soft towel.
Clean burnt plastic off the burner sockets on the stove top, based on the surface. Rub a stainless steel cleaner and polish or nonabrasive all-purpose cleaner with a soft sponge in the direction of the grain on stainless steel stove eyes. Spray glass cleaner or a liquid all-purpose cleaner on porcelain stovetops and scrub plastic off in a circular motion with a soft sponge.
Dislodge remaining plastic bits off grates, burners and stovetop sockets with a paring knife or razor knife, being careful not to scratch the surfaces. Rewash and scrub the surfaces to remove plastic particles.