Smoke Detector Types

Ionization Smoke Detectors

• In ionization smoke detectors, a chamber contains two plates that generate an electric current. If smoke interrupts that current, an alarm sounds. These tend to respond more rapidly in cases of high flames.

Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

• Photoelectric smoke detectors incorporate a light beam that shines into a receptor inside the devices. If smoke interrupts the beam in any way, the alarm sounds. These respond quickest to long smoldering fires.

Using Both is Best

• Some smoke alarms contain both photoelectric and ionization technology. While research shows either type of smoke alarm provides potentially life-saving warnings, the National Fire Protection Association recommends combining both types of detectors in the home.

Hard-wired Vs. Battery Powered

• Many new-construction builders hard-wire smoke detectors into the electrical systems of homes and businesses. But be sure to install batteries in these detectors for backup in case of power outages. A smoke detector without juice will save no lives.

Care and Maintenance

• Regardless of the type of smoke detector, regular testing is key to ensuring the devices are in good working order. Once a month, make sure the batteries have power and that audio systems are functioning by pressing the colored button on the face of the detector. When pressing and holding the buttons on most types for a couple of seconds, the smoke alarm should sound until you remove your finger. Follow the manufacturers' recommendations for the frequency with which batteries--and sometimes the detectors themselves--should be changed.

Both Types Can Save Lives

• National Fire Protection Association statistics show the death rate for every 100 reported fires is more than twice as high in homes without smoke detectors than at dwellings equipped with the devices. Smoke detectors provide the warning people need to clear out of buildings before flames and smoke become so intense that escape becomes impossible. So any type of smoke detector is the right type to have in your home.