Remove the smoke detector from the wall or ceiling and take out the battery.
Wipe down the outside of the smoke detector, top and bottom, with the slightly damp paper towel to remove any external dust buildup. They dry the outside of the device with a dry paper towel.
Remove the smoke detector cover if possible and vacuum the inside of the detector with an open vacuum hose attachment. If the lid won't fully remove, hold the detector upside down and place the open hose attachment tightly against any outside detector vents to suck out dust particles.
Place a fresh battery inside the detector and replace any removed detector coverings.
Place the smoke detector back on its mounting on the wall or ceiling and press the test button to ensure it still sounds an alarm.