Gilbert N. Lewis pioneered work with lithium in the second decade of the 20th century, but the first lithium batteries came to the market in the 1970s. Scientists substituted lithium ions for lithium metal, which is unstable, because it is safer to work with, especially while charging.
The Ultralife 9-volt lithium ion battery, for example, has a 10-year life in smoke detectors. It can operate in temperatures from -4 degrees F to 140 degrees F and the manufacturer claims that it lasts four times longer than standard 9-volt alkaline batteries.
A 9-volt lithium ion battery measures 1 11/16 inches tall, 1 inch wide and 5/8 inch deep.
Nine-volt batteries are easy to identify, with their positive and negative terminals at one end of the battery and their rectangular shape. Lithium ion batteries are labeled on the face indicating that they are lithium batteries. Another name for a 9-volt battery is a PP3 battery.
Nine-volt lithium ion batteries are ideal for use in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors used to help save lives. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that can deprive the lungs of oxygen, causing death.